Meeting the 24-h movement recommendations and its relationship with Mediterranean dietary patterns in early childhood: the SENDO project.

The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to assess the association between meeting all three 24-h movement recommendations and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in early childhood and (2) to examine whether participants who meet all three 24-h movement recommendations have greater adherence to the individual MedDiet foods/components than those who do not meet these recommendations. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a sample of 822 participants from the Seguimiento del Niño para un Desarrollo Óptimo (SENDO) project (Pamplona, Spain). Physical activity was assessed through a questionnaire that covered 17 different types of activities. Screen time was assessed by averaging the daily hours spent on activities such as watching TV, using a computer, or playing video games. Sleep duration was determined by taking the average of sleep durations during both weekdays and weekends. Adherence to the MedDiet was evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents (KIDMED). Greater odds of having an optimal adherence to the MedDiet were found for participants meeting all three 24-h movement recommendations (odds ratio (OR) = 1.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33-2.87, p = 0.001) in comparison with their counterparts not meeting these recommendations. Specifically, significant differences were found for "fruit or fruit juice every day" (p = 0.012), "second fruit every day" (p = 0.001), and "fresh or cooked vegetables regularly once a day" (p = 0.018) in relation to meeting all three 24-h movement recommendation status.    Conclusions: This study provides further evidence of the potential importance of meeting all three 24-h movement recommendations to adopt a healthier eating pattern. What is Known: • Only a limited number of studies have investigated the joint connection between the 24-h movement recommendations and dietary habits. • Integrating the 24-h movement recommendations with dietary recommendations could potentially yield greater effectiveness compared to promoting these recommendations independently within public health strategies. What is New: • This is the first study in assessing the relationship between 24-h movement recommendations and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in early childhood. • These findings provide further evidence of the potential importance of meeting all three 24-h movement recommendations to adopt a healthier eating pattern.

Higher adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is associated with lower micronutrient inadequacy in children: the SENDO project.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is associated with lower micronutrients inadequacy in a sample of Spanish preschoolers. DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 4-5-year-old children participating in the SENDO project. Information was gathered through an online questionnaire completed by parents. Dietary information was collected with a previously validated semi-quantitative FFQ. The estimated average requirements or adequate intake levels as proposed by the Institute of Medicine were used as cut-off point to define inadequate intake. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Crude and multivariable adjusted estimates were calculated with generalised estimated equations to account for intra-cluster correlation between siblings. PARTICIPANTS: We used baseline information of 1153 participants enrolled in the SENDO project between January 2015 and June 2022. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: OR and 95 % CI of presenting an inadequate intake of ≥ 3 micronutrients associated with the MedDiet. RESULTS: The adjusted proportion of children with inadequate intake of ≥ 3 micronutrients was 27·2 %, 13·5 % and 8·1 % in the categories of low, medium and high adherence to the MedDiet, respectively. After adjusting for all potential confounders, children who had a low adherence to the MedDiet showed a significant lower odds of inadequate intake of ≥ 3 micronutrients compared to those with a high adherence (OR 9·85; 95 % CI 3·33, 29·09). CONCLUSION: Lower adherence to the MedDiet is associated with higher odds of nutritional inadequacy.

Association between the Carbohydrate Quality Index (CQI) and Nutritional Adequacy in a Pediatric Cohort: The SENDO Project.

Suboptimal micronutrient intake in children remains a public health concern around the world. This study examined the relationship between a previously defined dietary carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and the risk of micronutrient intake inadequacy in a pediatric cohort of Spanish preschoolers. Children aged 4-5 years old were recruited at their medical center or at school, and information on sociodemographic, dietary, and lifestyle variables were collected through a self-administered online questionnaire. Dietary information was obtained from a validated 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We calculated the CQI and categorized participants into quartiles according to their scores. We assessed the intakes of 20 micronutrients and evaluated the probability of intake inadequacy by using the estimated average requirement cut-off point. Generalized estimating equations were used to adjust for potential confounders and account for the intra-cluster correlations between siblings. The adjusted proportions of children with an inadequate intake of ≥three micronutrients were 23%, 12%, 11%, and 9% in the first, second, third, and fourth quartiles of the CQI, respectively. Children in the highest quartile of the CQI had 0.22-fold lower odds (95% CI 0.10-0.48) of having ≥three inadequate micronutrient intakes than their peers in the lowest quartile. These findings reinforce the relevance of carbohydrate quality in children's diets.

Perfil bioquímico nutricional en un grupo de pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello / Nutritional biochemical profile in a group of patients with head and neck cancer / Perfil bioquímico nutricional num grupo de pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço

El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el estado nutricional mediante diferentes parámetros bioquímicos en 17 pacientes adultos de ambos sexos, con cáncer de cabeza y cuello, seleccionados y asistidos en el Instituto Oncológico A. Roffo al inicio del tratamiento. Las muestras de sangre fueron recolectadas en ayunas y sobre el suero separado por centrifugación se determinaron las siguientes fracciones proteicas: transtiretina (TTR), transferrina (Transf), fracciones de complemento C3 y C4 (C3c, C4c), ceruloplasmina (Cp), haptoglobina (Hp), proteína C reactiva (PCR), por inmunodifusión radial cuantitativa en placas (Binding Site, Reino Unido; Diffu-Plate, Biocientífica SA, Argentina); la concentración de IL-4 fue determinada por el método de Elisa y se evaluó el estado antioxidante total (TAS) (Kit RANDOX, Reino Unido). Sobre el 58% de los pacientes (n=10) se analizó el perfil de ácidos grasos por cromatografía gaseosa. Los ácidos oleico, linoleico, araquidónico (AA), α-linolénico, eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y docosahexaenoico (DHA) fueron identificados por el tiempo de retención y calculados como porcentaje del total de los ácidos grasos. Los resultados fueron expresados como X±DE y comparados con valores obtenidos en individuos sanos (VR). Los resultados muestran una disminución en los niveles séricos de TTR, C3c, Transf, e IL4 con aumento concomitante de Cp y Hp con respecto a los VR; estos resultados indican un comprometido estado nutricional e inflamatorio. También se observa un estado antioxidante total deprimido y disminución en la concentración de ácidos grasos esenciales (ω3 y ω6). El análisis global de estos hallazgos demuestra la importancia de la evaluación nutricional temprana y periódica de estos pacientes; esto permitiría realizar una valoración precoz de la necesidad de un apropiado tratamiento nutricional específico.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the nutritional status of 17 patients suffering from head and neck cancer, who attended Angel Roffo Institute of Oncology, at the beginning of the specific treatment, through the use of biochemical parameters. Blood samples were collected from fasting patients. Specific serum protein fractions transthyretin (TTR), transferrin (Transf), C3 and C4 complement fractions (C3c,C4c); ceruloplasmin (Cp), haptoglobin (Hp) and C-reactive protein (RCP) were measured by single radial immunodiffusion technique on agar gel layers (Binding Site, UK; Diffu-Plate, Biocientífica SA, Argentina). The level of IL-4 was determined by Elisa method and total antioxidant status (TAS) by Randox Kit (UK). On 58% of patients (n=10) the fatty acid profile was analyzed. Results expressed as X±SD were compared with reference values performed in a group of healthy individuals. Data showed lower TTR, C3c, Transferrin and IL-4 together with higher Cp and Haptoglobin sera levels than reference values. The results pointed out to a depressed nutritional status and inflammation. Also, diminishment in the total antioxidant status and in essential fatty acids ω3 and ω6 was observed. These findings showed the importance of an early and periodic nutritional evaluation that could help to perform an adequate nutritional support concomitant with the specific treatment.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o estado nutricional através de diferentes parâmetros bioquímicos em 17 pacientes adultos de ambos os sexos, com câncer de cabeça e pescoço, selecionados e assistidos, no Instituto Oncológico A. Roffo, no início do tratamento. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas em jejum e sobre o soro separado por centrifugação foram determinadas as seguintes frações proteicas: transtirretina (TTR), transferrina (Transf), frações de complemento C3 e C4 (C3c, C4c), ceruloplasmina (Cp), haptoglobina (Hp), proteína C reativa (PCR), por imunodifusão radial quantitativa em placas (Binding Site, Reino Unido; Diffu-Plate, Biocientífica SA, Argentina); a concentração de IL-4 foi determinada pelo método de Elisa e se avaliou o estado antioxidante total (TAS) (Kit RANDOX, Reino Unido). Sobre 58% dos pacientes (n=10) foi analisado o perfil de ácidos graxos por cromatografia gasosa. Os ácidos oleico, linoleico, araquidônico (AA), α-linolênico, eicosapentaenoico (EPA) e docosahexaenoico (DHA) foram identificados pelo tempo de retenção e calculados como percentual do total dos ácidos graxos. Os resultados foram expressos como X±DE e comparados com valores obtidos em indivíduos saudáveis (VR). Os resultados mostram uma diminuição nos níveis séricos de TTR, C3c, Transf, e IL4 com aumento concomitante de Cp e Hp com relação aos VR; estes resultados indicam um comprometido estado nutricional e inflamatório. Também se observa um estado antioxidante total deprimido e diminuição na concentração de ácidos graxos essenciais (ω3 e ω6). A análise global destes achados demonstra a importância da avaliação nutricional precoce e periódica destes pacientes; isto permitiria realizar uma avaliação precoce da necessidade de um adequado tratamento nutricional específico.